Afon Hafren (Severn)

UWMN_17

Location: Mid-Wales
Type: Stream
Catchment area: 358 ha
Annual rainfall: c. 2500 mm
Sampling station altitude: 355 m
Maximum altitude: 690 m

Catchment Characteristics

The Afon Hafren lies in the Cambrian Mountains of mid-Wales and from its confluence with the Afon Hore forms the headwaters of the River Severn. The catchment area is 358 ha and rises from 355 m at the sampling station to 690 m at Blaenhafren. Stagnoodsols cover approximately 40% of the catchment and organic peaty soils comprise the remaining area. The underlying geology consists of Ordovician grits and Silurian mudstones and shales.

Fifty percent of the catchment is planted with conifers, primarily Sitka and Norway spruce, and forms part of the larger Hafren Forest; planting took place primarily between 1948-1950 and 1963-1964. At the start of monitoring about 5% of the catchment consisted of recently felled forest. Since that time there has been steady harvesting and replanting of large areas continuing right up to the present day though this appears to have had little impact on stream water chemistry. Moorland grasses and Calluna occupy the remainder of the catchment (all of which is a SSSI) and are utilised for rough grazing. Prior to afforestation the catchment was exploited as upland sheepwalk.

Rainfall is c. 2500 mm annually.

Site Characteristics

The altitude range is 335 m from the sampling station to the headwaters. The channel section utilised for biological sampling lies in a forest clearing and is circa 3.5 m wide comprising shallow rapids and a deep pool. The stream bed substrate consists largely of boulders, cobbles and pebbles.

Data Distribution and Associated Networks

The stream is a site in the UNECE International Cooperative Programme Integrated Monitoring Project.

Data plots

[collapsed title="Water chemistry"]

Afon Hafren chemistry graphs

Excess SO₄^2- = all sulphate not derived from marine salts; Cl^- = chloride; NO₃^- = nitrate; DOC = dissolved organic carbon; Labile Al = inorganic monomeric (labile) aluminium; ANC = Acid Neutralising Capacity (determined by the difference (in equivalents) between total base cation concentration and total acid anion concentration); Gran Alkalinity = alkalinity determined by a Gran titration; Ca²⁺ = calcium; Mg²⁺ = magnesium.

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[collapsed title="Epilithic diatoms"]

Afon Hafren diatom plot to 2022

Annual mean percentage abundance of the most common diatom taxa in replicate samples of the biofilm of stone surfaces. Taxa are arranged in the plot so that those that had their highest percentage abundances at the beginning of the monitoring record appear at the top of the figure, and those that have become most common at the end of the record appear at the bottom.

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[collapsed title=Macroinvertebrates]

Afon Hafren macroinvertebrate plot

Abundance of the most common macroinvertebrate taxa as a percentage of all individuals collected in five bulked kick samples. Taxa are arranged in the plot so that those with their highest percentage abundances at the beginning of the monitoring record appear at the top of the figure, and those that have become most common at the end of the record appear at the bottom.

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Data summaries

Useful links

Bibliography

[collapsed title=Afon Hafren Bibliography]

The Afon Hafren falls within the Plynlimon experimental catchment area and has been extensively studied. See Robinson, Rodda & Sutcliffe (2012) for an overview of monitoring and Kirby et al. (1999) for a full list of older references.
Oosthoek, S. (6-1-2016) Global browning: Why the world's fresh water is getting murkier. New Scientist (3055), 34-35. Reed Business Information, London.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K. & Malcolm, I. A. (2016) The United Kingdom Upland Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2014-2015 (year 27). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-290. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K., Malcolm, I. A. & Norris, D. A. (2016) UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UKUWMN) - Contract 22 01 249 Llyn Llagi, Llyn Cwm Mynach, Afon Hafren and Afon Gwy Annual Summary Progress Report April 2015 - March 2016. Report to the Welsh Government and Natural Resources Wales. 1-76. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Battarbee, R. W. (2015) Remote lakes: pristine or polluted. UK and Ireland Lakes Network annual conference, Abergavenny. 4th March 2015.
Battarbee, R. W. (2015) Forestry, 'acid rain', and the acidification of lakes. In: Nature's Conscience: the life and legacy of Derek Ratcliffe, 385-400, Langford Press, Peterborough.
Benettin, P., Kirchner, J. W., Rinaldo, A. & Botter, G. (2015) Modeling chloride transport using travel time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales. Water Resources Research, 51, 3259-3276.
Billett, M. F., Garnett, M. H. & Dinsmore, K. J. (2015) Should Aquatic CO2 Evasion be Included in Contemporary Carbon Budgets for Peatland Ecosystems? Ecosystems, 18, 471-480.
Evans, C. D. (2015) UK and international freshwater monitoring. Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala. 11th May 2015, Invited keynote. Meeting to mark 50 years of freshwater monitoring in Sweden, attended by the King and Crown Princess.
Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Shilland, E. M., Battarbee, R. W., Patrick, S. T. & Malcolm, I. A. (2015) 35 years of upland water quality monitoring in the UK: Foreseen events, unforeseen events, non-events and extreme events. 9th International Conference on Acid Deposition, Rochester, New York. October 19-23, 2015.
Garmo, O. A., de Wit, H. A., Høgåsen, T., Lund, E., Wright, R. F., Aherne, J., Arle, J., Colombo, L., Fölster, J., Hruška, J., Indriksone, I., Jeffries, D. S., Krám, P., Monteith, D. T., Paterson, A., Rogora, M., Rzychon, D., Steingruber, S., Stoddard, J. L., Talkop, R., Ulanczyk, R. P. & Vuorenmaa, J. (2015) Trends in water chemistry. In: ICP Waters Report 119/2015. Chemical and biological recovery in acid-sensitive waters: trends and prognosis, 8-39, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
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Murphy, J. F., Winterbottom, J. H., Orton, S., Simpson, G. L., Shilland, E. M. & Hildrew, A. G. (2014) Evidence of recovery from acidification in the macroinvertebrate assemblages of UK fresh waters: A 20-year time series. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 330-340.
Rowe, E. C., Tipping, E., Posch, M., Oulehle, F., Cooper, D. M., Jones, T. G., Burden, A., Hall, J. & Evans, C. D. (2014) Predicting nitrogen and acidity effects on long-term dynamics of dissolved organic matter. Environmental Pollution, 184, 271-282.
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Escudero-Onate, C. (2013) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1327:pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-93. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
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RoTAP. (2012) Review of Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication,Ground Level Ozone and Heavy Metals in the UK. Contract Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 1-292. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik.
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Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L., Malcolm, I. A., Marazzi, L., Panizzo, V. N. & Salgado, J. (2012) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2010-2011 (year 23). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-239. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
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Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2012) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Fifth Year: 2012. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Dahl, I. & Hagebo, E. (2011) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1125:pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-77. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
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Fjellheim, A., Johannessen, A. & Svanevik Landes, T. (2011) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Biological intercalibration: Invertebrates 1511. 1-27. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Friberg, N., Bonada, N., Bradley, D. C., Dunbar, M. J., Edwards, F. K., Grey, J., Hayes, R. B., Hildrew, A. G., Lamouroux, N., Trimmer, M. & Woodward, G. (2011) Biomonitoring of Human Impacts in Freshwater Ecosystems: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Advances in Ecological Research 1-68.
Kernan, M., Battarbee, R. W., Curtis, C. J., Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Shilland, E. M. & Simpson, G. L. (2011) Recovery of acidified lakes and streams in the UK, 1988-2009. 8th International Conference on Acid Deposition. Acid Rain 2011. Beijing, China. 15th-18th June 2011.
Neal, C., Rowland, P., Neal, M., Jarvie, H. P., Lawlor, A., Sleep, D. & Scholefield, P. (2011) Aluminium in UK rivers: a need for integrated research related to kinetic factors, colloidal transport, carbon and habitat. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13, 2153-2164.
Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Norris, D., Kirchner, J. W., Neal, M., Rowland, P., Wickham, H., Harman, S., Armstrong, L., Sleep, D., Lawlor, A. J., Woods, C., Williams, B., Fry, M., Newton, G. & Wright, D. (2011) Three decades of water quality measurements from the Upper Severn experimental catchments at Plynlimon, Wales: an openly accessible data resource for research, modelling, environmental management and education. Hydrological Processes, 25, 3818-3830.
Rowland, A. P., Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Jarvie, H. P., Sleep, D., Lawlor, A. J. & Neal, M. (2011) The biogeochemistry of arsenic in a remote UK upland site: trends in rainfall and runoff, and comparisons with urban rivers. J.Environ.Monit., 13, 1255-1263.
Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L. & Malcolm, I. A. (2011) UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (UKAWMN) - Contract 22 01 249 Llyn Cwm Mynach, Afon Hafren and Afon Gwy Annual Summary Progress Report April 2010 - March 2011. Report to the Welsh Assembly Government, Countryside Council for Wales and Environment Agency, Wales. 1-94. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L. & Malcolm, I. A. (2011) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2009-2010 (year 22). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-237. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Smith, P., Ashmore, M., Black, H., Burgess, P., Evans, C. D., Hails, R., Potts, S., Quine, T. & Thomson, A. (2011) Regulating services. In: The UK National Ecosystem Assessment Technical Report., 1-61, UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.
Tipping, E. & Carter, H. T. (2011) Aluminium speciation in streams and lakes of the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network, modelled with WHAM. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 1550-1558.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2011) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Fourth Year: 2011. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Battarbee, R. W., Shilland, E. M. & Monteith, D. T. (2010) Tracking the biodiversity response of upland waters to environmental change: the value of the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network. Presentation. Beyond 2010: strategies for understanding and responding to long-term trends in UK biodiversity. Natural History Museum, London, UK. 16-17 November 2010.
Battarbee, R. W. (2010) Are our acidified upland waters recovering? Freshwater Biological Association News (No. 52. Winter 2010), 4-5. The Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside.
Battarbee, R. W., Kernan, M., Monteith, D. T. & Curtis, C. J. (2010) Summary and Recommendations. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 279-293, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Curtis, C. J. & Simpson, G. L. (2010) Acid Deposition Trends at AWMN Sites. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 31-52, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Curtis, C. J., Battarbee, R. W., Heliwell, R., Flower, R. J., Simpson, G. L., Monteith, D. T., Shilland, E. M., Aherne, J. & MacDougall, G. (2010) Recovery Progress: Reference Conditions and Restoration Targets. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 206-237, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Curtis, C. J., Battarbee, R. W., Shilland, E. M., Simpson, G. L., Kernan, M. R. & Monteith, D. T. (2010) The UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network: 20 Year Interpretive Report – a brief summary. Skjelkvåle, B. L., de Wit, H., and Jeffries, D. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Proceedings of the 25th Meeting of the ICP Waters Task Force in Burlington, Canada, October 19-21 2009, 29-35. NIVA, Oslo, Norway. NIVA Report No. 5995-2010. 19-10-2009.
Evans, C. D., Cooper, D. M., Monteith, D. T., Helliwell, R. C., Moldan, F., Hall, J. R., Rowe, E. C. & Cosby, B. J. (2010) Linking monitoring and modelling: can long-term datasets be used more effectively as a basis for large-scale prediction? Biogeochemistry, 101, 211-227.
Flower, R. J., Simpson, G. L., Kreiser, A. M., Yang, H., Shilland, E. M. & Battarbee, R. W. (2010) Epilithic Diatoms. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 97-111, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Godsey, S. E., Aas, W., Clair, T. A., de Wit, H. A., Fernandez, I. J., Kahl, J. S., Malcolm, I. A., Neal, C., Neal, M., Nelson, S. J., Norton, S. A., Palucis, M. C., Skjelkvale, B. L., Soulsby, C., Tetzlaff, D. & Kirchner, J. W. (2010) Generality of fractal 1/f scaling in catchment tracer time series, and its implications for catchment travel time distributions. Hydrological Processes, 24, 1660-1671.
Hildrew, A. G., Winterbottom, J. H., Orton, S., Murphy, J., Simpson, G. L. & Shilland, E. M. (2010) Macroinvertebrates. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 126-139, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Hovind, H. (2010) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1024: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn. 1-77. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Kernan, M., Battarbee, R. W., Curtis, C. J., Monteith, D. T.& Shilland, E. M. (2010) UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 1-483, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Kernan, M., Monteith, D. T., Battarbee, R. W., Curtis, C. J., Shilland, E. M. & Simpson, G. L. (2010) Introduction. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 23-30, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Kleemola, S. & Forsius, M. (2010) 19th Annual Report 2010. Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems. 15/2010, 1-49. Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki.
Layer, K., Riede, J. O., Hildrew, A. G. & Woodward, G. (2010) Food web structure and stability in 20 streams across a wide pH gradient, Advances in Ecological Research, 42, 265-299.
Malcolm, I. A., Bacon, P., Middlemas, S., Collen, P. & Shilland, E. M. (2010) Salmonid Fish Populations. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 140-165, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Malcolm, I. A., Bacon, P., Middlemas, S., Collen, P. & Shilland, E. M. (2010) Acid Waters and salmonid populations. Presentation. Workshop on Forestry and Acidification at Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian, Scotland. Tue 9 Nov 2010.
Monteith, D. T., Evans, C. D., Malcolm, I. A., Simpson, G. L. & Curtis, C. J. (2010) Hydrochemical trends at UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network sites and associated Scottish sites. Presentation. Workshop on Forestry and Acidification at Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian, Scotland. Tue 9 Nov 2010.
Monteith, D. T., Evans, C., Simpson, G. L. & Curtis, C. J. (2010) Hydrochemistry. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 53-96, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Neal, C., Robinson, M., Reynolds, B., Neal, M., Rowland, P., Grant, S., Norris, D., Williams, B., Sleep, D. & Lawlor, A. (2010) Hydrology and water quality of the headwaters of the River Severn: Stream acidity recovery and interactions with plantation forestry under an improving pollution climate. Science of the Total Environment, 408, 5035-5051.
Rose, N. L. & Yang, H. (2010) Trace Metals. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 166-205, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L. & Malcolm, I. A. (2010) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2008-2009 (year 21). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-237. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L. & Malcolm, I. A. (2010) UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (UKAWMN) - Contract 22 01 249 Llyn Cwm Mynach, Afon Hafren and Afon Gwy Annual Summary Progress Report April 2009 - March 2010. Report to the Welsh Assembly Government, Countryside Council for Wales and Environment Agency, Wales. 1-73. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Shilland, E. M. & Monteith, D. T. (2010) Aquatic Macrophytes. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 112-125, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Shilland, E. M., Curtis, C. J. & Kernan, M. R. (2010) UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (UKAWMN). Llyn Llagi, Llyn Cwm Mynach, Afon Hafren and Afon Gwy. Sites Summary Report. Report to the Countryside Council for Wales. 1-103. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Solheim, A. L., Austnes, K., Eriksen, T. E., Siefert, I. & Holen, S. (2010) Climate change impacts on water quality and biodiversity. Background Report for EEA European Environment State and Outlook Report 2010. ETC Water Technical Report 1/2010, 1-68. European Topic Centre on Water, Prague.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2010) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Third Year: 2010. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Wright, R. F., Aherne, J., Bishop, K., Dillon, P. J., Erlandsson, M., Evans, C. D., Forsius, M., Hardekopf, D. W., Helliwell, R. C., Hruska, J., Hutchins, M., Kaste, O., Kopacek, J., Kram, P., Laudon, H., Moldan, F., Rogora, M., Sjoeng, A. M. S. & de Wit, H. A. (2010) Interaction of Climate Change and Acid Deposition. In: Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems, 152-179, Wiley-Blackwell.
Evans, C. D., Cooper, D. M., Helliwell, R. C., Aherne, J., Moldan, F., Hall, J. R., Rowe, E. C., Monteith, D. T., Moldan, F. & Cosby, B. J. (2009) Removing the disconnect between maps and time series: can long-term monitoring data be used more effectively as a basis for model upscaling? BIOGEOMON 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour, University of Helsinki, Finland, 29 June - 3 July 2009.
Fjellheim, A. (2009) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Biological intercalibration: Invertebrates 1309. 1-32. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Hildrew, A. G. (2009) Sustained Research on Stream Communities: A Model System and The Comparative Approach, 175-312, Elsevier Academic Press Inc, San Diego.
Hovind, H. (2009) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 0923: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn. 1-73. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Monteith, D. T. (2009) Recovery from acidification in the UK: reversing into uncharted waters? Presentation. Gordon Conference; Catchment Science: Interactions of Hydrology, Biology & Geochemistry. Thresholds, Tipping Points and Non-Linearity: Integrated Catchment Science for the 21st Century. Proctor Academy. Andover, NH, USA. July 12-17, 2009.
Monteith, D. T. (2009) DOC losses: UK losses in an international context. Presentation, Inaugural Carbon Landscapes and Drainage (CLAD) meeting. Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland. 20 - 22 October 2009.
Shilland, E. M. & Hutchins, M. (2009) UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (UKAWMN) - Contract 22 01 249 Llyn Cwm Mynach, Afon Hafren and Afon Gwy Annual Summary Progress Report April 2008 - March 2009. Report to the Welsh Assembly Government, Countryside Council for Wales and Environment Agency, Wales. 1-61. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T. & Hutchins, M. (2009) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2007-2008 (year 20). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-205. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
WFD-UKTAG. (2009) UKTAG River Assessment Methods Benthic Invertebrate Fauna. Scottish Acid Water Indicator Community (SAWIC). 1-20. Water Framework Directive - United Kingdom Advisory Group (WFD-UKTAG), SNIFFER, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2009) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Second Year: 2009. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Reynolds, B. & Clark, J. M. (2008) Buffering of recovery from acidification by organic acids. Science of the Total Environment, 404, 316-325.
Gardner, M. J. (2008) Long-term proficiency testing for the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network. Accreditation and Quality Assurance: Journal for Quality, Comparability and Reliability in Chemical Measurement, 13, 255-260.
Monteith, D. T. (2008) An update of the state of chemical and biological recovery in the UK (1988-2006). de Wit, H. A., Skjelkvale, B. L., and Jenssen, M. T. S. 19-23. NIVA, Oslo. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Proceedings of the 23 rd meeting of the ICP Waters Programme Task Force in Nancy, France, October 8 - 10, 2007. 8-10-2007.
Neal, C., Lofts, S., Evans, C. D., Reynolds, B., Tipping, E. & Neal, M. (2008) Increasing iron concentrations in UK upland waters. Aquatic Geochemistry, 14, 263-288.
NERC. (2008) Clear to brown: upland waters return to natural state. NERC Annual Review 2007-2008 , 11. Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon.
Skjelkvale, B. L. & de Wit, H. A. (2008) ICP Waters. 20 year with monitoring effects of long-range transboundary air pollution on surface waters in Europe and North America. NIVA Report SNO: 5684-2008, 1-55. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2008) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty First Year: 2008. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (2007) Acid Waters Monitoring 2006 Report on Fish Studies. 1-34. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Curtis, C. J. & Simpson, G. L. (2007) Freshwater Umbrella - The effect of nitrogen deposition and climate change on freshwaters in the UK. Report to DEFRA under contract CPEA17. ECRC Research Report 115. ENSIS Ltd. University College London, London.
Evans, C. D., Hall, J. R., Rowe, E. C., Aherne, J., Helliwell, R. C., Jenkins, A., Hutchins, M., Cosby, J., Smart, S., Howard, D., Norris, D., Coull, M. C., Lilly, A., Bonjean, M. C., Broughton, R., O'Hanlon, S., Heywood, E. & Ullyett, J. (2007) Critical Loads and Dynamic Modelling Final Report. Report to the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under Contract No. CPEA 19. 1-53. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Wales.
Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Wright, R. & Clark, J. (2007) Issues affecting upland water quality: Climate change, acidity, nitrogen and water colour. Kernan, M. R., Battarbee, R. W., and Binney, H. A. 21-25. ENSIS Publishing, University College London, London, London. Climate Change and Aquatic Ecosystems in the UK.
Hovind, H. (2007) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 0721: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3-N, C1, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn. 1-68. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Marc, V. & Robinson, M. (2007) The long-term water balance (1972-2004) of upland forestry and grassland at Plynlimon, mid-Wales. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 44-60.
Monteith, D. T., Stoddard, J. L., Evans, C. D., de Wit, H. A., Forsius, M., Hogasen, T., Wilander, A., Skjelkvale, B. L., Jeffries, D. S., Vuorenmaa, J., Keller, B., Kopacek, J. & Vesely, J. (2007) Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry. Nature, 450, 537-540.
Monteith, D. T. & Shilland, E. M. (2007) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Assessment of the First 18 Years of Data. Data Summary Annex Accompanying Research Project Final Report. Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-276. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Monteith, D. T., Stoddard, J. L., Evans, C. D., de Wit, H., Forsius, M., Hogasen, T., Jeffries, D. S., Kopacek, J., Skjelkvale, B. L., Vesely, J., Vuorenmaa, J. & Wilander, A. (2007) Increases in DOC in remote lakes and rivers. A signal of climate change or a return to pre-acidification conditions? In: Trends in surface water chemistry and biota; The importance of confounding factors, 39-49, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Neal, C., Neal, M., Wickham, H., Hill, L. & Harman, S. (2007) Dissolved iodine in rainfall, cloud, stream and groundwater in the Plynlimon area of mid-Wales. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 283-293.
Neal, M., Neal, C., Wickham, H. & Harman, S. (2007) Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate and sulphate by ion chromatography: comparisons of methodologies for rainfall, cloud water and river waters at the Plynlimon catchments of mid-Wales. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 294-300.
Shand, P., Darbyshire, D. P. F., Gooddy, D. & Haria, A. H. (2007) Sr-87/Sr-86 as an indicator of flowpaths and weathering rates in the Plynlimon experimental catchments, Wales, UK. Chemical Geology, 236, 247-265.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Hutchins, M. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (2007) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2006-2007 (year 19). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-203. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
Skjelkvale, B. L. & de Wit, H. (2007) Trends in surface water chemistry and biota; The importance of confounding factors. 1-86. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2007) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twentieth Year: 2007. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (2006) Acid Waters Monitoring 2005 Report on Fish Studies. 1-30. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Chapman, P. J. & Clark, J. M. (2006) Dissolved organic carbon, sulphur and nitrogen: is everything connected to everything else? Presentation, BIOGEOMON 5th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA, 25-30 June 2006.
Haria, A. H. & Shand, P. (2006) Near-stream soil water-groundwater coupling in the headwaters of the Afon Hafren, Wales: Implications for surface water quality. Journal of Hydrology, 331, 567-579.
Hovind, H. (2006) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 0620: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3+NO2, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-69. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Monteith, D. T. (2006) Acidification and the WFD: Designing a macroinvertebrate-based tool to determine the pressure of lake acidification in the UK. de Wit, H. A. and Skjelkvale, B. L. 56-58. NIVA, Oslo. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Proceedings of the 21st meeting of the ICP Waters Programme Task Force in Tallinn, Estonia. October 17-19, 2005. 17-10-2005.
Monteith, D. T., Stoddard, J. L., Evans, C. D., de Wit, H. A., Forsius, M., Hogasen, T., Jeffries, D. S., Kopacek, J., Skjelkvale, B. L., Vesely, J. & Wilander, A. (2006) An International Assessment of Temporal Trends in Dissolved Organic Carbon and Likely Drivers. Presentation, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Summer Conference. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 4-9 June 2006.
Monteith, D. T. (2006) Links between regional scale climate variability and sea-salt episodes in the UK. Skjelkvale, B. L., Forsius, M., Wright, R., de Wit, H. A., Raddum, G. G., and Sjoeng, A. M. S. 12-13. NIVA, Oslo. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Joint Workshop on Confounding Factors in Recovery from Acid Depositon in Surface Waters, 9-10 October 2006, Bergen, Norway; Summary and Abstracts. 9-10-2006.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T. & Battarbee, R. W. (2006) Recovery of Acidified Waters in the United Kingdom. Evidence from the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network. Special Theme - Restoration & Recovery of Fresh Waters. Poster. Freshwater Biological Association, FBA Annual Scientific Meeting 2006, Dorset.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Bonjean, M. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (2006) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2005-2006 (year 18). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-203. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change research Centre, University College London, London.
Webb, B. W. & Crisp, D. T. (2006) Afforestation and stream temperature in a temperate maritime environment. Hydrological Processes, 20, 51-66.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2006) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Nineteenth Year: 2006. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (2005) Acid Waters Monitoring 2004 Report on Fish Studies. 1-27. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Cooper, D. M. (2005) Evidence of sulphur and nitrogen deposition signals at the United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network sites. Environmental Pollution, 137, 41-54.
Curtis, C. J., Evans, C. D., Helliwell, R. C. & Monteith, D. T. (2005) Nitrate leaching as a confounding factor in chemical recovery from acidification in UK upland waters. Environmental Pollution, 137, 73-82.
Davies, J. J. L., Jenkins, A., Monteith, D. T., Evans, C. D. & Cooper, D. M. (2005) Trends in surface water chemistry of acidified UK Freshwaters, 1988-2002. Environmental Pollution, 137, 27-39.
Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T. & Cooper, D. M. (2005) Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: Observations, possible causes and environmental impacts. Environmental Pollution, 137, 55-71.
Hovind, H. (2005) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 0519: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3+NO2, C1, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn. 1-70. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
Ledger, M. E. & Hildrew, A. G. (2005) The ecology of acidification and recovery: changes in herbivore-algal food web linkages across a stream pH gradient. Environmental Pollution, 137, 103-118.
Monteith, D. T. (2005) Chemical-biotic relationships observed on the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 1988-2003. de Wit, H. A. and Skjelkvale, B. L. 69-80. NIVA, Oslo. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Proceedings of the 20th meeting of the ICP Waters Programme Task Force in Falun, Sweden. October 18-20, 2004. 18-10-2004.
Monteith, D. T., Davies, J. J. L., Kreiser, A. M., Winterbottom, J. H. & Beaumont, W. R. B. (2005) Chemical and biological responses of acidified waters in the UK to acid emissions control: 1988–2003. Presentation at the Acid Rain 2005 conference, Prague, Czech Republic. 12-7-2005.
Monteith, D. T., Hildrew, A. G., Flower, R. J., Raven, P. J., Beaumont, W. R. B., Collen, P., Kreiser, A. M., Shilland, E. M. & Winterbottom, J. H. (2005) Biological responses to the chemical recovery of acidified fresh waters in the UK. Environmental Pollution, 137, 83-101.
Monteith, D. T., Simpson, G. L., Chandler, R. E. & Evans, C. D. (2005) Partitioning the influences of hydrology, seasalts, temperature and acid deposition on the acidity of recovering lakes in the UK. Presentation at the Acid Rain 2005 conference, Prague, Czech Republic. 12-7-2005.
Monteith, D. T. (2005) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network: a review of the first 15 years and introduction to the special issue. Environmental Pollution, 137, 3-13.
Neal, C., Neal, M., Reynolds, B., Maberly, S. C., May, L., Ferrier, R. C., Smith, J. & Parker, J. E. (2005) Silicon concentrations in UK surface waters. Journal of Hydrology, 304, 75-93.
Neal, C., Robson, A. J., Neal, M. & Reynolds, B. (2005) Dissolved organic carbon for upland acidic and acid sensitive catchments in mid-Wales. Journal of Hydrology, 304, 203-220.
Neal, C. (2005) Lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and yttrium in waters in an upland acidic and acid sensitive environment, mid-Wales. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 9, 645-656.
Robinson, M. & Dupeyrat, A. (2005) Effects of commercial timber harvesting on streamflow regimes in the Plynlimon catchments, mid-Wales. Hydrological Processes, 19, 1213-1226.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Bonjean, M. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (2005) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2004-2005 (year 17). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-188. ENSIS Ltd., London.
Winterbottom, J. H., Orton, S. E. & Wilcock, H. R. (2005) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Eighteenth Year: 2005. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-11. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (2004) Acid Waters Monitoring 2003 Report on Fish Studies. 1-27. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Brandt, C., Robinson, M. & Finch, J. W. (2004) Anatomy of a catchment: the relation of physical attributes of the Plynlimon catchments to variations in hydrology and water status. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8, 345-354.
Briers, R. A., Gee, J. H. R. & Geoghegan, R. (2004) Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation on growth and phenology of stream insects. Ecography, 27, 811-817.
Curtis, C. J. & Simpson, G. L. (2004) Summary of research under Defra contract "Recovery of Acidified Waters in the UK" EPG/1/3/183. Final Report. ECRC Research Report No. 98, 1-362. Environmental Change Research Centre, UCL, London.
Haria, A. H. & Shand, P. (2004) Evidence for deep sub-surface flow routing in forested upland Wales: implications for contaminant transport and stream flow generation. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8, 334-344.
Hindar, A., Torseth, K., Henriksen, A. & Orsolini, Y. (2004) The Significance of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) for Sea-Salt Episodes and Acidification-Related Effects in Norwegian Rivers. Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 26-33.
Monteith, D. T. (2004) Evidence for the recovery of freshwater lakes and streams in the UK from acidification, based on the analysis of data from the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network (1988-2003). Skjelkvale, B. L. 38-39. NIVA, Oslo. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Proceedings of the 19th meeting of the ICP Waters Programme Task Force in Lugano, Switzerland. October 18-20, 2003. 18-10-2003.
Neal, C. (2004) The water quality functioning of the upper River Severn, Plynlimon, mid-Wales: issues of monitoring, process understanding and forestry. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8, 521-532.
Neal, C., Neal, M., Wickham, H., Hill, L., Reynolds, B. & Williams, B. (2004) The impact of conifer harvesting on stream water quality: the Afon Hafren, mid-Wales. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8, 503-520.
Ness, L., Neal, C., Davies, T. D. & Reynolds, B. (2004) Impacts of the North Atlantic Oscillation on stream water chemistry in mid-Wales. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8, 409-421.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Bonjean, M. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (2004) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2003-2004 (year 16). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-188. ENSIS Ltd., London.
Whitehead, P. G., Hill, T. J. & Neal, C. (2004) Impacts of forestry on nitrogen in upland and lowland catchments: a comparison of the River Severn at Plynlimon in mid-Wales and the Bedford Ouse in south-east England using the INCA Model. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8, 533-544.
Winterbottom, J. H., Orton, S. E. & Wilcock, H. R. (2004) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Seventeenth Year: 2004. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-11. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Worrall, F., Harriman, R., Evans, C. D., Watts, C. D., Adamson, J., Neal, C., Tipping, E., Burt, T., Grieve, I., Monteith, D., Naden, P. S., Nisbet, T., Reynolds, B. & Stevens, P. (2004) Trends in dissolved organic carbon in UK rivers and lakes. Biogeochemistry, 70, 369-402.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (2003) Acid Waters Monitoring 2002 Report on Fish Studies. 1-25. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Neal, C. (2003) Dissolved beryllium in rainfall, stream and shallow groundwaters in the Upper River Severn catchments, Plynlimon, mid Wales. The Science of The Total Environment, 314-316, 171-184.
Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Neal, M., Hughes, S., Wickham, H., Hill, L., Rowland, P. & Pugh, B. (2003) Soluble reactive phosphorus levels in rainfall, cloud water, throughfall, stemflow, soil waters, stream waters and groundwaters for the Upper River Severn area, Plynlimon, mid Wales. The Science of The Total Environment, 314-316, 99-120.
Neal, C., Neal, M., Davies, H. & Smith, J. (2003) Fluoride in UK rivers. The Science of The Total Environment, 314-316, 209-231.
Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Neal, M., Hill, L., Wickham, H. & Pugh, B. (2003) Nitrogen in rainfall, cloud water, throughfall, stemflow, stream water and groundwater for the Plynlimon catchments of mid-Wales. The Science of The Total Environment, 314-316, 121-151.
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Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2003) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Sixteenth Year: 2003. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-11. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (2002) Acid Waters Monitoring 2001 Report on Fish Studies: Addendum. 1-8. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (2002) Acid Waters Monitoring 2001 Report on Fish Studies. 1-14. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Dawson, J. J. C., Billett, M. F., Neal, C. & Hill, S. (2002) A comparison of particulate, dissolved and gaseous carbon in two contrasting upland streams in the UK. Journal of Hydrology, 257, 226-246.
Hill, T., Whitehead, P. & Neal, C. (2002) Modelling long-term stream acidification in the chemically heterogeneous Upper Severn catchment, Mid-Wales. The Science of The Total Environment, 286, 215-232.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Smith, J. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (2002) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2001-2002 (year 14). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160) and the Department of the Environment Northern Ireland (Contract CON 4/4 (38)). 1-178. ENSIS Ltd, London.
Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Smith, J. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (2002) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2000-2001 (year 13). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160) and the Department of the Environment Northern Ireland (Contract CON 4/4 (38)). 1-178. ENSIS Ltd, London.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2002) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Fifteenth Year: 2002. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-11. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. & McDonnell, N. (2001) Acid Waters Monitoring 2000 Report on Fish Studies. 1-18. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
CLAM. (2001) Summary of Research under DETR Contract "Acidification of freshwaters: the role of nitrogen and the prospects for recovery", EPG1/3/117. Curtis, C. J. and Simpson, G. Research Report No. 79. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
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Evans, C. D. & Monteith, D. T. (2001) Chemical trends at lakes and streams in the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network, 1988-2000: Evidence for recent recovery at a national scale. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5, 351-366.
Evans, C. D., Cullen, J. M., Alewell, C., Kopacek, J., Marchetto, A., Moldan, F., Prechtel, A., Rogora, M., Vesely, J. & Wright, R. (2001) Recovery from acidification in European surface waters. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5, 283-297.
Jenkins, A. & Cullen, J. M. (2001) An Assessment of the potential impact of the Gothenburg Protocol on surface water chemistry using the dynamic MAGIC model at acid sensitive sites in the UK. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5, 529-541.
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Monteith, D. T., Evans, C. D. & Patrick, S. (2001) Monitoring acid waters in the UK: 1988-1998 Trends. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 130, 1307-1312.
Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Neal, M., Pugh, B., Hill, L. & Wickham, H. (2001) Long-term changes in the water quality of rainfall, cloud water and stream water for moorland, forested and clear-felled catchments at Plynlimon, mid-Wales. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5, 459-476.
NEGTAP. (2001) Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone in the UK. 1-314. Department For Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London.
Shand, P., Darbyshire, D. P. F., Gooddy, D. C., Darling, W. G., Neal, C., Haria, A. H. & Dixon, A. J. (2001) The application of Sr isotopes to catchment studies: The Plynlimon upland catchment of Central Wales. Water-Rock Interaction, Vols 1 and 2 1577-1580.
Stott, T., Leeks, G., Marks, S. & Sawyer, A. (2001) Environmentally sensitive plot-scale timber harvesting: impacts on suspended sediment, bedload and bank erosion dynamics. Journal of Environmental Management, 63, 3-25.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. (2001) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Fourteenth Year: 2001. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-11. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary & Wesfield College (University of London), London.
Wright, R. F., Alewell, C., Cullen, J. M., Evans, C. D., Marchetto, A., Moldan, F., Prechtel, A. & Rogora, M. (2001) Trends in nitrogen deposition and leaching in acid-sensitive streams in Europe. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 5, 299-310.
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Monteith, D. T. & Evans, C. D. (2000) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network 10 Year Report. Analysis and Interpretation of Results, April 1988 - March 1998. Monteith, D. T. and Evans, C. D. 1-364. ENSIS Ltd, London.
Neal, C. (2000) The fractionation of the elements in river waters with respect to the continental crust: a UK perspective based on a river enrichment factor approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 4, 499-509.
Neal, C. & Kirchner, J. W. (2000) Sodium and chloride levels in rainfall, mist, streamwater and groundwater at the Plynlimon catchments, mid-Wales: inferences on hydrological and chemical controls. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 4, 295-310.
Neal, C., Neal, M. & Wickham, H. (2000) Phosphate measurement in natural waters: two examples of analytical problems associated with silica interference using phosphomolybdic acid methodologies. The Science of The Total Environment, 251-252, 511-522.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. (2000) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Thirteenth Year: 2000. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-11. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary & Wesfield College (University of London), London.
Beaumont, W. R. C., Sturgess, P. & Pinder, A. (1999) Acid Waters Monitoring Report on Fish Studies 1988-1997. 1-129. Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Dorset.
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Beaumont, W. R. C. & Pinder, A. (1998) Acid Waters Monitoring 1997 Report on Fish Studies. 1-27. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Helliwell, R. C., Ferrier, R. C. & Jenkins, A. (1998) A two-layer application of the MAGIC model to predict the effects of land use scenarios and reductions in deposition on acid sensitive soils in the UK. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2, 497-507.
Jenkins, A., Helliwell, R. C., Swingewood, P. J., Sefton, C., Renshaw, M. & Ferrier, R. C. (1998) Will reduced sulphur emissions under the Second Sulphur Protocol lead to recovery of acid sensitive sites in UK? Environmental Pollution, 99, 309-318.
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Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Adamson, J. K., Stevens, P. A., Neal, M., Harrow, M. & Hill, S. (1998) Analysis of the impacts of major anion variations on surface water acidity particularly with regard to conifer harvesting: Case studies from Wales and Northern England. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2, 303-322.
Sefton, C. E. M. & Jenkins, A. (1998) A regional application of the MAGIC model in Wales: calibration and assessment of future recovery using a Monte-Carlo approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2, 521-531.
Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. (1998) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Eleventh Year: 1998. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-10. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary & Wesfield College (University of London), London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. & Bradley, D. C. (1997) Acid Waters Monitoring 1996 Report on Fish Studies. 1-36. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
Gee, J. H. R. & Smith, B. D. (1997) Benthic invertebrates in the headwaters of the Wye and Severn: effects of forestry and clear-felling. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 1, 549-556.
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Review Group on Acid Rain. (1997) Acid Deposition in the United Kingdom 1992-1994. Fourth report, 1-176. AEA Technology & Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, London.
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Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. (1997) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Tenth Year: 1997. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-10. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary & Wesfield College (University of London), London.
Beaumont, W. R. C. (1996) Acid Waters Monitoring 1995 Report on Fish Studies. 1-25. Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Dorset.
Campbell, G. W. & Lee, D. S. (1996) Atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen species in the UK. Freshwater Biology, 36, 151-167.
Crisp, D. T. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (1996) The trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations of the headwaters of the Rivers Severn and Wye, mid-Wales, UK. The Science of The Total Environment, 177, 113-123.
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Neal, C., Smith, C. J., Jeffery, H. A., Harrow, M. & Neal, M. (1996) Dissolved chromium pollution in rainfall and surface waters in mid-Wales during the mid-1980s. The Science of The Total Environment, 188, 127-138.
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Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. (1996) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Ninth Year: 1996. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-10. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary & Wesfield College (University of London), London.
Battarbee, R. W., Allott, T. E. H., Bull, K., Christie, A. E. G., Curtis, C. J., Flower, R. J., Hall, J. R., Harriman, R., Jenkins, A., Juggins, S., Kreiser, A. M., Metcalfe, S. E., Ormerod, S. J. & Patrick, S. T. (1995) Critical Loads of Acid Deposition for United Kingdom Freshwaters. Critical Loads Advisory Group. Sub group Report on Freshwaters. 1-80. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (Edinburgh Research Station), Penicuik.
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Neal, C. (1995) Aluminium speciation variations in an acidic upland stream draining the Hafren spruce forest, Plynlimon, Mid-Wales. Journal of Hydrology, 164, 39-51.
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Beaumont, W. R. C. & Miles, L. (1994) Acid Waters Monitoring 1993 Report on Fish Studies. 1-42. Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Dorset.
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Sloan, W. T., Jenkins, A. & Eatherall, A. (1994) A Simple-Model of Stream Nitrate Concentrations in Forested and Deforested Catchments in Mid-Wales. Journal of Hydrology, 158, 61-78.
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Lancaster, J. & Hildrew, A. G. (1993) Characterizing In-Stream Flow Refugia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 1663-1675.
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Orange, A. (1993) Effects of Channel Liming on the Bryophytes and Lichens of the Upper River Severn. Department of Botany, National Museum of Wales: Report to National Rivers Authority.
Robson, A. J., Neal, C., Hill, S. & Smith, C. J. (1993) Linking Variations in Short-Term and Medium-Term Stream Chemistry to Rainfall Inputs - Some Observations at Plynlimon, Mid-Wales. Journal of Hydrology, 144, 291-310.
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Neal, C., Jeffery, H. A., Conway, T., Ryland, G. P., Smith, C. J., Neal, M. & Norton, S. A. (1992) Beryllium Concentrations in Rainfall, Stemflow, Throughfall, Mist and Stream Waters for An Upland Acidified Area of Mid-Wales. Journal of Hydrology, 136, 33-49.
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