Lochnagar

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• Location: Cairngorms, Scotland
• Type: Lake
• Catchment area: 99 ha
• Annual rainfall: c. 1500 mm
• Lake area: 9.9 ha
• Lake altitude: 788 m

Lochnagar drains a precipitous Cairngorm catchment of 99 ha which reaches a maximum altitude of 1155 m at the summit of Lochnagar to the west of the loch. The geology is composed of biotite granite. The catchment is dominated by bare rock, both on the steep backwall and the extensive fields of large boulders and coarse screes that have developed between the corrie ridge and the loch.

The loch and its catchment receive an annual rainfall of c. 1500 mm.

The catchment is unafforested and the sparse vegetation is dominated by a community of stunted Calluna and Vaccinium, interspersed in places with Scirpus. Lichens and mosses are abundant on the boulders and screes that characterise the catchment. Of the localised areas of peat in the catchment, certain areas, notably along the eastern shore, are severely eroded. Pine stumps are revealed in peat exposures adjacent to the outflow and further down the Lochnagar Burn.

This area represents some of the harshest environmental conditions to be found in the British Isles. At over 700 m the catchment lies above the limit of summer sheep grazing in the region and there is no evidence for any land-use change or active land-management within the catchment. Red deer range freely across the catchment when food is available. There is a designated Special Protection Area extending south beyond the corrie headwall and the entire catchment falls within the Cairngorm National Park.

The loch lies at an altitude of 788 m in the centre of the granitic massif which comprises much of Balmoral Forest in Aberdeenshire. Lochnagar is a corrie loch and lies below a north-east facing steep backwall which rises to the summit of the same name. The loch is pear-shaped and occupies an area of 9.9 ha. No large inflows feed the loch and drainage is primarily from small seepage channels. The loch drains to the north east through a series of small pools to the Lochnagar Burn which feeds the Gelder Burn, a south bank tributary of the River Dee. Snow generally occupies the catchment to a varying extent between November and May and a significant snow field accumulates in the main winter period. Snow-melt therefore comprises a major input to the loch. Unlike other sites in the Network, Lochnagar regularly freezes each winter.

The bathymetry of the loch floor slopes quite sharply to a deep basin. The deepest point, at 24 m, is offset from the centre of the loch towards the backwall. The loch is deep for its area with a mean depth of 8.4 m.

Through the UK UWMN, the site is part of the UNECE International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Bi-weekly bulk rainwater samples are collected from the site for the UK Eutrophying and Acidifying atmospheric Pollutants (UKEAP) network, data from which are available here. UK UWMN data from Lochnagar are contributed to the UK Environmental Change Network, the European Long-Term Ecosystem Research Network (LTER-Europe) and the International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) programme.

Click on a heading to expand/collapse each panel

[collapsed title=Water chemistry]

Excess SO₄^2- = all sulphate not derived from marine salts; Cl^-  = chloride; NO₃^- = nitrate; DOC = dissolved organic carbon; Labile Al = inorganic monomeric (labile) aluminium; ANC = Acid Neutralising Capacity (determined by the difference (in equivalents) between total base cation concentration and total acid anion concentration); Gran Alkalinity = alkalinity determined by a Gran titration; Ca²⁺ = calcium; Mg²⁺ = magnesium.

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[collapsed title=Epilithic diatoms]

Annual mean percentage abundance of the most common diatom taxa in replicate samples of the biofilm of stone surfaces. Taxa are arranged in the plot so that those that had their highest percentage abundances at the beginning of the monitoring record appear at the top of the figure, and those that have become most common at the end of the record appear at the bottom.

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[collapsed title=Macroinvertebrates]

Abundance of the most common macroinvertebrate taxa as a percentage of all individuals collected in five bulked kick samples. Taxa are arranged in the plot so that those with their highest percentage abundances at the beginning of the monitoring record appear at the top of the figure, and those that have become most common at the end of the record appear at the bottom.

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• UK lakes
• Map resources
• UKEAP network deposition data for Lochnagar
• APIS results for Lochnagar
• SNH standing waters database data for Lochnagar

[collapsed title=Lochnagar Bibliography]

• Oosthoek, S. (6-1-2016) Global browning: Why the world's fresh water is getting murkier. New Scientist (3055), 34-35. Reed Business Information, London.
• Rose, N. L., Yang, H. & Turner, S. D. (2016) A gradient of mercury concentrations in Scottish single malt whiskies. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 38, 309-313.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K. & Malcolm, I. A. (2016) UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UKUWMN) - Scottish Sites. Annual Summary Progress Report to SEPA. 1-139. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K. & Malcolm, I. A. (2016) The United Kingdom Upland Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2014-2015 (year 27). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-290. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Woolway, R. I., Jones, I. D., Maberly, S. C., French, J. R., Livingstone, D. M., Monteith, D. T., Simpson, G. L., Thackeray, S. J., Andersen, M. R., Battarbee, R. W., DeGasperi, C. L., Evans, C. D., de Eyto, E., Feuchtmayr, H., Hamilton, D. P., Kernan, M., Krokowski, J., Rimmer, A., Rose, K. C., Rusak, J. A., Ryves, D. B., Scott, D. R., Shilland, E. M., Smyth, R. L., Staehr, P. A., Thomas, R., Waldron, S. & Weyhenmeyer, G. A. (2016) Diel Surface Temperature Range Scales with Lake Size. PLoS ONE, 11, e0152466.
• Arellano, L., Fernandez, P., Fonts, R., Rose, N. L., Nickus, U., Thies, H., Stuchlik, E., Camarero, L., Catalan, J. & Grimalt, J. O. (2015) Increasing and decreasing trends of the atmospheric deposition of organochlorine compounds in European remote areas during the last decade. Atmos.Chem.Phys., 15, 3415-3453.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2015) Remote lakes: pristine or polluted. UK and Ireland Lakes Network annual conference, Abergavenny. 4th March 2015.
• Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Shilland, E. M., Battarbee, R. W., Patrick, S. T. & Malcolm, I. A. (2015) 35 years of upland water quality monitoring in the UK: Foreseen events, unforeseen events, non-events and extreme events. 9th International Conference on Acid Deposition, Rochester, New York. October 19-23, 2015.
• Evans, C. D. (2015) UK and international freshwater monitoring. Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala. 11th May 2015, Invited keynote. Meeting to mark 50 years of freshwater monitoring in Sweden, attended by the King and Crown Princess.
• Garmo, O. A., de Wit, H. A., Høgåsen, T., Lund, E., Wright, R. F., Aherne, J., Arle, J., Colombo, L., Fölster, J., Hruška, J., Indriksone, I., Jeffries, D. S., Krám, P., Monteith, D. T., Paterson, A., Rogora, M., Rzychon, D., Steingruber, S., Stoddard, J. L., Talkop, R., Ulanczyk, R. P. & Vuorenmaa, J. (2015) Trends in water chemistry. In: ICP Waters Report 119/2015. Chemical and biological recovery in acid-sensitive waters: trends and prognosis, 8-39, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Harrad, S. (2-10-2015) A meta-analysis of recent data on UK environmental levels of POP-BFRs in an international context: Temporal trends and an environmental budget. Emerging Contaminants .
• Monteith, D. T., Battarbee, R. W., Hildrew, A. G., Malcolm, I. A., Shilland, E. M., Evans, C. D. & Kernan, M. (2015) Hindered, stubborn or confused? Explaining the patchiness of biological responses to the declining acidity of surface waters. 9th International Conference on Acid Deposition, Rochester, New York. October 19-23, 2015.
• Monteith, D. T., Henrys, P. A., Evans, C. D., Malcolm, I. A., Shilland, E. M. & Pereira, M. G. (2015) Spatial controls on dissolved organic carbon in upland waters inferred from a simple statistical model. Biogeochemistry 1-15.
• Oldfield, F., Gedye, S. A., Hunt, A., Jones, J. M., Jones, M. D. & Richardson, N. (2015) The magnetic record of inorganic fly ash deposition in lake sediments and ombrotrophic peats. The Holocene, 25, 215-225.
• Pearce-Higgins, J. W., BREWER, M. J., Elston, D. A., Martay, B., Powney, G. D., Isaac, N. J. B., Monteith, D. T., Henrys, P. A., Vaughan, I. P., Ormerod, S. J., Green, S., Edwards, F. K., Johnston, A., Bell, J. R., Harrington, R., Brereton, T. M., Barlow, K. E., Battarbee, R. W. & Shilland, E. M. (2015) BICCO-Net II. Final report to the Biological Impacts of Climate Change Observation Network (BICCO-Net) Steering Group. 1-69. Defra, London.
• Shilland, E. M., Woolway, R. I., Monteith, D. T., Rose, N. L., Yang, H., Malcolm, I. A., Millidine, K. J., Hildrew, A. G., Evans, C. D., Sime, I., Hatton-Ellis, T., Kernan, M., Patrick, S. T., Turner, S. D. & Battarbee, R. W. (2015) Tracking the impact of climate change on UK surface waters recovering from acidification. Poster. 9th International Conference on Acid Deposition, Rochester, New York. October 19-23, 2015.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K. & Malcolm, I. A. (2015) UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UKUWMN) - Scottish Sites. Annual Summary Progress Report to SEPA. 1-124. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2015) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Seventh Year: 2014. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-13. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Woolway, R. I. (2015) Drivers, associations and consequences of the diel variability in high-resolution lake surface water temperature measurements. 1-351. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).
• Arellano, L., Fernandez, P., Lopez, J. F., Rose, N. L., Nickus, U., Thies, H., Stuchlik, E., Camarero, L., Catalan, J. & Grimalt, J. O. (2014) Atmospheric deposition of polybromodiphenyl ethers in remote mountain regions of Europe. Atmos.Chem.Phys., 14, 4441-4457.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2014) SWAP: the aftermath. University of Bergen, April 25th 2014.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2014) The UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network: from acid rain to climate change. Scottish Freshwater Group, Stirling, March 27th, 2014.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2014) Upland waters in the UK: from acid rain to climate change. Seminar, University of St Andrews, March 26th 2014.
• Battarbee, R. W., Shilland, E. M., Kernan, M., Monteith, D. T. & Curtis, C. J. (2014) Recovery of acidified surface waters from acidification in the United Kingdom after twenty years of chemical and biological monitoring (1988-2008). Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 267-273.
• Battarbee, R. W., Simpson, G. L., Shilland, E. M., Flower, R. J., Kreiser, A., Yang, H. & Clarke, G. (2014) Recovery of UK lakes from acidification: An assessment using combined palaeoecological and contemporary diatom assemblage data. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 365-380.
• Brooks, S. J. & Langdon, P. G. (2014) Summer temperature gradients in northwest Europe during the Lateglacial to early Holocene transition (15-8 ka BP) inferred from chironomid assemblages. Quaternary International, 341, 80-90.
• Curtis, C. J., Battarbee, R. W., Monteith, D. T. & Shilland, E. M. (2014) The future of upland water ecosystems of the UK in the 21st century: A synthesis. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 412-430.
• Curtis, C. J. & Simpson, G. L. (2014) Trends in bulk deposition of acidity in the UK, 1988-2007, assessed using additive models. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 274-286.
• Escudero-Onate, C. (2014) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1428:pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO3-N, Cl, SO4,Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-88. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Fjellheim, A., Johannessen, A. & Svanevik Landes, T. (2014) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Biological intercalibration: Invertebrates 1713. ICP Waters Report 118/2014, 1-25. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Garmo, O. A., Skjelkvale, B. L., Wit, H. A., Colombo, L., Curtis, C., Folster, J., Hoffmann, A., Hruska, J., Hogasen, T., Jeffries, D. S., Keller, W. B., Kram, P., Majer, V., Monteith, D. T., Paterson, A. M., Rogora, M., Rzychon, D., Steingruber, S., Stoddard, J., Vuorenmaa, J. & Worsztynowicz, A. (2014) Trends in Surface Water Chemistry in Acidified Areas in Europe and North America from 1990 to 2008. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 225, 1-14.
• Gray, C., Woodward, G. & Ma, A. (2014) Conserved substructure in a large collection of freshwater food webs as they recover from acidification. Poster. Joint British Ecological Society and Société d'Ecologie Annual Meeting. 11th December 2014, Lille, France.
• Helliwell, R. C., Aherne, J., MacDougall, G., Nisbet, T. R., Lawson, D., Cosby, B. J. & Evans, C. D. (2014) Past acidification and recovery of surface waters, soils and ecology in the United Kingdom: Prospects for the future under current deposition and land use protocols. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 381-395.
• Malcolm, I. A., Bacon, P. J., Middlemas, S. J., Fryer, R. J., Shilland, E. M. & Collen, P. (2014) Relationships between hydrochemistry and the presence of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in headwater streams recovering from acidification. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 351-364.
• Miller, G. R. & Cummins, R. P. (2014) The influence of local environment and population origin on some reproductive traits of Nardus stricta (Poaceae) in the Scottish Highlands. New Journal of Botany, 4, 143-153.
• Monteith, D. T., Shilland, E. M., Battarbee, R. W., Evans, C. D., Hildrew, A. G. & Malcolm, I. A. (2014) Recovery of water chemistry and biology in the UK: latest status and emerging issues. Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the ICP Waters Task Force in Grimstad, Norway October 8-10 2014.
• Monteith, D. T., Evans, C. D., Henrys, P. A., Simpson, G. L. & Malcolm, I. A. (2014) Trends in the hydrochemistry of acid-sensitive surface waters in the UK 1988GÇô2008. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 287-303.
• Murphy, J. F., Winterbottom, J. H., Orton, S., Simpson, G. L., Shilland, E. M. & Hildrew, A. G. (2014) Evidence of recovery from acidification in the macroinvertebrate assemblages of UK fresh waters: A 20-year time series. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 330-340.
• Rowe, E. C., Tipping, E., Posch, M., Oulehle, F., Cooper, D. M., Jones, T. G., Burden, A., Hall, J. & Evans, C. D. (2014) Predicting nitrogen and acidity effects on long-term dynamics of dissolved organic matter. Environmental Pollution, 184, 271-282.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K. & Malcolm, I. A. (2014) The United Kingdom Upland Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2013-2014 (year 26). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-282. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K. & Malcolm, I. A. (2014) The United Kingdom Upland Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2012-2013 (year 25). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-259. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Millidine, K. & Malcolm, I. A. (2014) UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UKUWMN) - Scottish Sites. Annual Summary Progress Report to SEPA. 1-123. ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Stockdale, A., Tipping, E., Fjellheim, A., Garmo, +. A., Hildrew, A. G., Lofts, S., Monteith, D. T., Ormerod, S. J. & Shilland, E. M. (2014) Recovery of macroinvertebrate species richness in acidified upland waters assessed with a field toxicity model. Ecological Indicators, 37, Part B, 341-350.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2014) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Seventh Year: 2014. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-10. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Engstrom, D. R. & Rose, N. L. (2013) A whole-basin, mass-balance approach to paleolimnology. J Paleolimnol, 49, 333-347.
• Escudero-Onate, C. (2013) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1327:pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-93. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Rose, N. L., Munthe, J. & McCartney, A. (2013) Winter peaks of methylmercury in deposition to a remote Scottish mountain lake. Chemosphere, 90, 805-811.
• Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L., Malcolm, I. A. & Salgado, J. (2013) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2011-2012 (year 24). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-250. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Shilland, E. M. (2013) 25 Years of the Acid Waters Monitoring Network in Wales. Marine and Freshwater Evidence Workshop, Countryside Council for Wales HQ, Bangor. February 20th 2013.
• Velle, G., Telford, R. J., Curtis, C. J., Eriksson, L., Fjellheim, A., Frolova, M., Fölster, J., Grudule, N., Halvorsen, G. A., Hildrew, A., Hoffmann, A., Indriksone, I., Kamasová, L., Kopácek, J., Orton, S., Krám, P., Monteith, D. T., Senoo, T., Shilland, E. M., Stuchlík, E., Wiklund, M. L., de Wit, H. & Skjelkvåle, B. L. (2013) Biodiversity in freshwaters: temporal trends and response to water chemistry. ICP Waters Report 114/2013, 1-66. NIVA, Norway.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2013) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Sixth Year: 2013. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-13. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Allott, T. E. H., Evans, M., Rothwell, J., Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Crouch, T., Walker, J., Shilland, E. M. & Battarbee, R. W. (9-5-2012) Peatlands and water quality: degradation, restoration and the Water Framework Directive. Reducing the cost of the Water Framework Directive through Payments for Water Services. Valuing Nature Network Meeting. Leeds. 9th May 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. & Shilland, E. M. (2012) Acid Waters Monitoring Network (AWMN) to Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UWMN): tracking water quality and biodiversity in the Uplands. Joint EA/NE/CCW Lakes Workshop, Birmingham. Dec 4th 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2012) Lake sediments and the Anthropocene. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing. October 17th 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. & Shilland, E. M. (2012) Acid Waters Monitoring Network to Upland Waters Monitoring Network: tracking water quality and biodiversity in the Uplands. Plenary 2. The FBA Annual Scientific Meeting 2012. Glasgow. 11th July 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2012) Lake sediments and the Anthropocene. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. October 22nd 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2012) Lake sediments and the Anthropocene. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou. October 25th 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2012) Acid Rain and acid lakes: an update. Cirencester Science and Technology Society, Royal Agricultural Society, Cirencester, June 13th 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W., Bennion, H., Gell, P. & Rose, N. (2012) Human impacts on lacustrine ecosystems. In: The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change. Part Four: Key Issues of Human-induced Environmental Changes and their Impacts, 583-606, SAGE Publications Ltd, London.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2012) Lake sediments and the Anthropocene. University of Iceland, Reykjavik. November 9th 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W., Evans, C. D., Shilland, E. M. & Monteith, D. T. (2012) An Upland Waters Monitoring Network for the UK. Tracking changes in water quality and biodiversity in upland streams and lakes across the UK. Joint British Ecological Society and IUCN UK Peatland Programme Symposium 2012. Investing in Peatlands - Demonstrating Success. Poster. Bangor University. 26-28th June 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2012) Upland waters in the UK - plans for the future. West Midlands and North West England Freshwater Group, Bolton. 20th April 2012.
• Battarbee, R. W. & Shilland, E. M. (2012) The Acid Waters Monitoring Network. Defra BICCO-Net Start-up Meeting, Thetford. November 14th 2012.
• Curtis, C. J., Heaton, T. H., Simpson, G. L., Evans, C. D., Shilland, J. & Turner, S. D. (2012) Dominance of biologically produced nitrate in upland waters of Great Britain indicated by stable isotopes. Biogeochemistry, 111, 535-554.
• Dahl, I. (2012) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1226:pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-92. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Duncan, W., Colvill, D. & Malcolm, I. A. (2012) UKTAG Acidification Environmental Standards. Report FTT017, 1-13. Water Framework Directive - United Kingdom Advisory Group (WFD-UKTAG).
• Evans, C. D., Curtis, C. J., Monteith, D. T. & Reynolds, B. (2012) An Assessment of the Draft Forestry-Acidification Guide. Report to the Environment Agency. 1-18. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor.
• Kernan, M., Simpson, G. L., Battarbee, R. W., Curtis, C. J. & Shilland, E. M. (2012) Biological Recovery Trajectories in acidified lakes and streams in the UK, 1988-2009. Waterbodies in Europe: Integrative Systems to assess Ecological status and Recovery (WISER) final conference. Tallinn, Estonia. 25-26 January 2012.
• Malcolm, I. A., Bacon, P., Middlemas, S., Fryer, R., Shilland, E. M. & Monteith, D. T. (2012) Relationships Between Hydrochemistry And The Presence Of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) In Headwater Streams Recovering From Acidification. 6th World Fisheries Congress: Sustainable Fisheries in a Changing World. Edinburgh, Scotland. 7th-11th May 2012.
• RoTAP. (2012) Review of Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication,Ground Level Ozone and Heavy Metals in the UK. Contract Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 1-292. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik.
• Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L., Malcolm, I. A., Marazzi, L., Panizzo, V. N. & Salgado, J. (2012) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2010-2011 (year 23). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-239. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2012) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Fifth Year: 2012. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Battarbee, R. W., Simpson, G. L., Bennion, H. & Curtis, C. J. (2011) A reference typology of low alkalinity lakes in the UK based on pre-acidification diatom assemblages from lake sediment cores. Journal of Paleolimnology, 45, 489-505.
• Bindler, R., Rydberg, J. & Renberg, I. (2011) Establishing natural sediment reference conditions for metals and the legacy of long-range and local pollution on lakes in Europe. Journal of Paleolimnology, 45, 519-531.
• Curtis, C., Heaton, T., Simpson, G., Evans, C., Shilland, J. & Turner, S. (2011) Dominance of biologically produced nitrate in upland waters of Great Britain indicated by stable isotopes. Biogeochemistry 1-20.
• Dahl, I. & Hagebo, E. (2011) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1125:pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-77. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Durand, P., Breuer, L. & Johnes, P. (2011) Nitrogen processes in aquatic ecosystems. In: The European Nitrogen Assessment. Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives, 126-146, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Fowler, D., Cape, J. N. & Brayshaw, S. (2011) Hydrochloric Acid: An Overlooked Driver of Environmental Change. Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 1887-1894.
• Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Simpson, G. L., Shilland, E. M., Curtis, C. J., Battarbee, R. W., Patrick, S. T., Reynolds, B. & Helliwell, R. C. (2011) The UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network: (20 years of research in 20 minutes…). 19th ICP Integrated Monitoring Task Force Meeting. Rome, Italy. 4-6th May 2011.
• Fjellheim, A., Johannessen, A. & Svanevik Landes, T. (2011) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Biological intercalibration: Invertebrates 1511. 1-27. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Friberg, N., Bonada, N., Bradley, D. C., Dunbar, M. J., Edwards, F. K., Grey, J., Hayes, R. B., Hildrew, A. G., Lamouroux, N., Trimmer, M. & Woodward, G. (2011) Biomonitoring of Human Impacts in Freshwater Ecosystems: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Advances in Ecological Research 1-68.
• Garmo, O. A., Skjelkvale, B. L., Colombo, L., Curtis, C. J., Dubokova, I., Folster, J., Hoffmann, A., Hogasen, T., Jeffries, D., Keller, B., Majer, V., Paterson, A., Rogora, M., Rzychon, D., Srybny, A., Steingruber, S., Stoddard, J. L., Talkop, R., Vuorenmaa, J., de Wit, H. A. & Worsztynowicz, A. (2011) Trends in surface water chemistry in Europe and North America 1990-2008. In: Trends in precipitation chemistry, surface water chemistry and aquatic biota in acidified areas in Europe and North America from 1990 to 2008., 19-46, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Kernan, M., Battarbee, R. W., Curtis, C. J., Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Shilland, E. M. & Simpson, G. L. (2011) Recovery of acidified lakes and streams in the UK, 1988-2009. 8th International Conference on Acid Deposition. Acid Rain 2011. Beijing, China. 15th-18th June 2011.
• Neal, C., Rowland, P., Neal, M., Jarvie, H. P., Lawlor, A., Sleep, D. & Scholefield, P. (2011) Aluminium in UK rivers: a need for integrated research related to kinetic factors, colloidal transport, carbon and habitat. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13, 2153-2164.
• Pla-Rabes, S., Flower, R. J., Shilland, E. M. & Kreiser, A. M. (2011) Assessing microbial diversity using recent lake sediments and estimations of spatio-temporal diversity. Journal of Biogeography, 38, 2033-2040.
• Rose, N. L., Morley, D., Appleby, P. G., Battarbee, R. W., Alliksaar, T., Guilizzoni, P., Jeppesen, E., Korhola, A. & Punning, J. M. (2011) Sediment accumulation rates in European lakes since AD 1850: trends, reference conditions and exceedence. Journal of Paleolimnology, 45, 447-468.
• Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L. & Malcolm, I. A. (2011) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2009-2010 (year 22). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-237. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Smith, P., Ashmore, M., Black, H., Burgess, P., Evans, C. D., Hails, R., Potts, S., Quine, T. & Thomson, A. (2011) Regulating services. In: The UK National Ecosystem Assessment Technical Report., 1-61, UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.
• Tipping, E. & Carter, H. T. (2011) Aluminium speciation in streams and lakes of the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network, modelled with WHAM. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 1550-1558.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2011) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Fourth Year: 2011. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Battarbee, R. W. (2010) Are our acidified upland waters recovering? Freshwater Biological Association News (No. 52. Winter 2010), 4-5. The Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside.
• Battarbee, R. W., Shilland, E. M. & Monteith, D. T. (2010) Tracking the biodiversity response of upland waters to environmental change: the value of the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network. Presentation. Beyond 2010: strategies for understanding and responding to long-term trends in UK biodiversity. Natural History Museum, London, UK. 16-17 November 2010.
• Battarbee, R. W., Kernan, M., Monteith, D. T. & Curtis, C. J. (2010) Summary and Recommendations. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 279-293, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Curtis, C. J. & Simpson, G. L. (2010) Acid Deposition Trends at AWMN Sites. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 31-52, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Curtis, C. J., Battarbee, R. W., Heliwell, R., Flower, R. J., Simpson, G. L., Monteith, D. T., Shilland, E. M., Aherne, J. & MacDougall, G. (2010) Recovery Progress: Reference Conditions and Restoration Targets. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 206-237, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Curtis, C. J., Battarbee, R. W., Shilland, E. M., Simpson, G. L., Kernan, M. R. & Monteith, D. T. (2010) The UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network: 20 Year Interpretive Report – a brief summary. Skjelkvåle, B. L., de Wit, H., and Jeffries, D. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Proceedings of the 25th Meeting of the ICP Waters Task Force in Burlington, Canada, October 19-21 2009, 29-35. NIVA, Oslo, Norway. NIVA Report No. 5995-2010. 19-10-2009.
• Evans, C. D., Cooper, D. M., Monteith, D. T., Helliwell, R. C., Moldan, F., Hall, J. R., Rowe, E. C. & Cosby, B. J. (2010) Linking monitoring and modelling: can long-term datasets be used more effectively as a basis for large-scale prediction? Biogeochemistry, 101, 211-227.
• Flower, R. J., Simpson, G. L., Kreiser, A. M., Yang, H., Shilland, E. M. & Battarbee, R. W. (2010) Epilithic Diatoms. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 97-111, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Hildrew, A. G., Winterbottom, J. H., Orton, S., Murphy, J., Simpson, G. L. & Shilland, E. M. (2010) Macroinvertebrates. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 126-139, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Hovind, H. (2010) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 1024: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn. 1-77. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Kernan, M., Battarbee, R. W., Curtis, C. J., Monteith, D. T.& Shilland, E. M. (2010) UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 1-483, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Kernan, M., Monteith, D. T., Battarbee, R. W., Curtis, C. J., Shilland, E. M. & Simpson, G. L. (2010) Introduction. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 23-30, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Layer, K., Hildrew, A. G., Monteith, D. T. & Woodward, G. (2010) Long-term variation in the littoral food web of an acidified mountain lake. Global Change Biology, 16, 1365-2486.
• Malcolm, I. A., Bacon, P., Middlemas, S., Collen, P. & Shilland, E. M. (2010) Salmonid Fish Populations. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 140-165, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Malcolm, I. A., Bacon, P., Middlemas, S., Collen, P. & Shilland, E. M. (2010) Acid Waters and salmonid populations. Presentation. Workshop on Forestry and Acidification at Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian, Scotland. Tue 9 Nov 2010.
• McFarland, B., Carse, F. & Sandin, L. (2010) Littoral macroinvertebrates as indicators of lake acidification within the UK. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 20, S105-S116.
• Monteith, D. T., Evans, C. D., Malcolm, I. A., Simpson, G. L. & Curtis, C. J. (2010) Hydrochemical trends at UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network sites and associated Scottish sites. Presentation. Workshop on Forestry and Acidification at Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Midlothian, Scotland. Tue 9 Nov 2010.
• Monteith, D. T., Evans, C., Simpson, G. L. & Curtis, C. J. (2010) Hydrochemistry. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 53-96, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Rose, N. L. & Yang, H. (2010) Trace Metals. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 166-205, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Shilland, E. M., Irvine, L. & Malcolm, I. A. (2010) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2008-2009 (year 21). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-237. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Shilland, E. M. & Monteith, D. T. (2010) Aquatic Macrophytes. In: UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 20 Year Interpretative Report, 112-125, ENSIS Ltd, Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Solheim, A. L., Austnes, K., Eriksen, T. E., Siefert, I. & Holen, S. (2010) Climate change impacts on water quality and biodiversity. Background Report for EEA European Environment State and Outlook Report 2010. ETC Water Technical Report 1/2010, 1-68. European Topic Centre on Water, Prague.
• Tipping, E., Rothwell, J. J., Shotbolt, L. & Lawlor, A. J. (2010) Dynamic modelling of atmospherically-deposited Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in Pennine catchments (northern England). Environ Pollut, 158.
• Tyler, J. J., Nederbragt, A. J., Jones, V. J. & Thurow, J. W. (2010) Assessing past temperature and soil pH estimates from bacterial tetraether membrane lipids: Evidence from the recent lake sediments of Lochnagar, Scotland. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences, 115.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2010) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Third Year: 2010. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Battarbee, R. W., Kernan, M. & Rose, N. (2009) Threatened and stressed mountain lakes of Europe: Assessment and progress. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 12, 118-128.
• Boronat, S., Garcia-Reyero, N., Fonts, R., Fernandez, P., Grimalt, J. O. & Pina, B. (2009) Biological activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in sediments from remote European lakes. Freshwater Biology, 54, 2543-2554.
• Curtis, C. J., Simpson, G. L., Battarbee, R. W. & Shilland, E. M. (2009) Challenges in Defining Critical Loads for Nutrient Nitrogen in UK Lakes. Poster at INI / COST729 Workshop: N deposition, critical loads and biodiversity. George Hotel Edinburgh. 16-18th November 2009.
• Curtis, C. J., Juggins, S., Clarke, G., Battarbee, R. W., Kernan, M., Catalan, J., Thompson, R. & Posch, M. (2009) Regional influence of acid deposition and climate change in European mountain lakes assessed using diatom transfer functions. Freshwater Biology, 54, 2555-2572.
• Evans, C. D., Cooper, D. M., Helliwell, R. C., Aherne, J., Moldan, F., Hall, J. R., Rowe, E. C., Monteith, D. T., Moldan, F. & Cosby, B. J. (2009) Removing the disconnect between maps and time series: can long-term monitoring data be used more effectively as a basis for model upscaling? BIOGEOMON 6th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour, University of Helsinki, Finland, 29 June - 3 July 2009.
• Fjellheim, A. (2009) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Biological intercalibration: Invertebrates 1309. 1-32. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Futter, M. N., Helliwell, R. C., Hutchins, M. & Aherne, J. (2009) Modelling the effects of changing climate and nitrogen deposition on nitrate dynamics in a Scottish mountain catchment. Hydrology Research, 40, 153-166.
• Hildrew, A. G. (2009) Sustained Research on Stream Communities: A Model System and The Comparative Approach, 175-312, Elsevier Academic Press Inc, San Diego.
• Hovind, H. (2009) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 0923: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3-N, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, TOC, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn. 1-73. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Monteith, D. T. (2009) Recovery from acidification in the UK: reversing into uncharted waters? Presentation. Gordon Conference; Catchment Science: Interactions of Hydrology, Biology & Geochemistry. Thresholds, Tipping Points and Non-Linearity: Integrated Catchment Science for the 21st Century. Proctor Academy. Andover, NH, USA. July 12-17, 2009.
• Monteith, D. T. (2009) DOC losses: UK losses in an international context. Presentation, Inaugural Carbon Landscapes and Drainage (CLAD) meeting. Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland. 20 - 22 October 2009.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T. & Hutchins, M. (2009) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2007-2008 (year 20). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-205. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Straskrabova, V., Bertoni, R., Blazo, M., Callieri, C., Forsstrom, L., Fott, J., Kernan, M., Macek, M., Stuchlik, E.& Tolotti, M. (2009) Structure of pelagic microbial assemblages in European mountain lakes during ice-free season, 19-53.
• WFD-UKTAG. (2009) UKTAG River Assessment Methods Benthic Invertebrate Fauna. Scottish Acid Water Indicator Community (SAWIC). 1-20. Water Framework Directive - United Kingdom Advisory Group (WFD-UKTAG), SNIFFER, Edinburgh, Scotland.
• Whitehead, P. G., Wilby, R. L., Battarbee, R. W., Kernan, M. & Wade, A. J. (2009) A review of the potential impacts of climate change on surface water quality. Hydrological Sciences Journal-Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques, 54, 101-123.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2009) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty Second Year: 2009. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Yang, H. D., Berry, A., Rose, N. & Berg, T. (2009) Decline in atmospheric mercury deposition in London. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11, 1518-1522.
• Battarbee, R. W., Monteith, D. T., Juggins, S., Simpson, G. L., Shilland, E. M., Flower, R. J. & Kreiser, A. M. (2008) Assessing the accuracy of diatom-based transfer functions in defining reference pH conditions for acidified lakes in the United Kingdom. The Holocene, 18, 57-67.
• Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Reynolds, B. & Clark, J. M. (2008) Buffering of recovery from acidification by organic acids. Science of the Total Environment, 404, 316-325.
• Fjellheim, A. & Raddum, G. G. (2008) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Biological intercalibration: Invertebrates 1107. 1-30. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Gardner, M. J. (2008) Long-term proficiency testing for the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network. Accreditation and Quality Assurance: Journal for Quality, Comparability and Reliability in Chemical Measurement, 13, 255-260.
• Monteith, D. T. (2008) An update of the state of chemical and biological recovery in the UK (1988-2006). de Wit, H. A., Skjelkvale, B. L., and Jenssen, M. T. S. 19-23. NIVA, Oslo. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Proceedings of the 23 rd meeting of the ICP Waters Programme Task Force in Nancy, France, October 8 - 10, 2007. 8-10-2007.
• Neal, C., Lofts, S., Evans, C. D., Reynolds, B., Tipping, E. & Neal, M. (2008) Increasing iron concentrations in UK upland waters. Aquatic Geochemistry, 14, 263-288.
• NERC. (2008) Clear to brown: upland waters return to natural state. NERC Annual Review 2007-2008 , 11. Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon.
• Rippey, B., Rose, N., Yang, H. D., Harrad, S., Robson, M. & Travers, S. (2008) An assessment of toxicity in profundal lake sediment due to deposition of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from the atmosphere. Environment International, 34, 345-356.
• Skjelkvale, B. L. & de Wit, H. A. (2008) ICP Waters. 20 year with monitoring effects of long-range transboundary air pollution on surface waters in Europe and North America. NIVA Report SNO: 5684-2008, 1-55. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway.
• Webster, L., Russell, M., Adefehinti, F., Dalgarno, E. J. & Moffat, C. F. (2008) Preliminary assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Scottish aquatic environment, including the Firth of Clyde. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 10, 463-473.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2008) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twenty First Year: 2008. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Aherne, J., Helliwell, R. C., Lilly, A., Ferrier, R. C. & Jenkins, A. (2007) Simulation of soil and surface water acidification: Divergence between one-box and two-box models? Applied Geochemistry, 22, 1167-1173.
• Beaumont, W. R. C. (2007) Acid Waters Monitoring 2006 Report on Fish Studies. 1-34. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
• Birks, H. J. B. (2007) Flora and Vegetation of Lochnagar - Past, Present, and Future. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 121-151, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Curtis, C. J. & Simpson, G. L. (2007) Freshwater Umbrella - The effect of nitrogen deposition and climate change on freshwaters in the UK. Report to DEFRA under contract CPEA17. ECRC Research Report 115. ENSIS Ltd. University College London, London.
• de Wit, H., Skjelkvale, B. L., Hogasen, T., Clair, T. A., Colombo, L., Folster, J., Jeffries, D., Laszlo, B., Majer, V., Monteith, D. T., Mosello, R., Rogora, M., Rzychon, D., Steingruber, S., Stivrina, S., Stoddard, J. L., Srybny, A., Talkop, R., Vesely, J., Vuorenmaa, J., Weiting, J. & Worsztynowicz, A. (2007) Trends in surface water chemistry 1994-2004. In: Trends in surface water chemistry and biota; The importance of confounding factors, 12-28, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Wright, R. & Clark, J. (2007) Issues affecting upland water quality: Climate change, acidity, nitrogen and water colour. Kernan, M. R., Battarbee, R. W., and Binney, H. A. 21-25. ENSIS Publishing, University College London, London, London. Climate Change and Aquatic Ecosystems in the UK.
• Evans, C. D., Hall, J. R., Rowe, E. C., Aherne, J., Helliwell, R. C., Jenkins, A., Hutchins, M., Cosby, J., Smart, S., Howard, D., Norris, D., Coull, M. C., Lilly, A., Bonjean, M. C., Broughton, R., O'Hanlon, S., Heywood, E. & Ullyett, J. (2007) Critical Loads and Dynamic Modelling Final Report. Report to the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under Contract No. CPEA 19. 1-53. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Wales.
• Flower, R. J., Monteith, D. T., Tyler, J. J., Shilland, E. M. & Pla, S. (2007) The Aquatic Flora of Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 199-229, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Goodman, S. (2007) Geology of Lochnagar and Surrounding Region. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 39-50, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Hall, A. (2007) The Shaping of Lochnagar: Pre-Glacial, Glacial and Post-Glacial Processes. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 51-62, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Helliwell, R. C., Lilly, A. & Bell, J. (2007) The Development, Distribution and Properties of Soils in the Lochnagar Catchment and Their Influence on Soil Water Chemistry. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 93-120, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Hovind, H. (2007) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 0721: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3-N, C1, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn. 1-68. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Hughes, M. (2007) Physical Characteristics of Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 27-35, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Jenkins, A., Reynard, N., Hutchins, M., Bonjean, M. C. & Lees, M. (2007) Hydrology and Hydrochemistry of Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 177-198, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Kaste, O., de Wit, H., Skjelkvale, B. L. & Hogasen, T. (2007) Nitrogen runoff at ICP waters sites 1990-2005. Increasing importance of confounding factors? In: Trends in surface water chemistry and biota; The importance of confounding factors, 29-38, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Kettle, H. & Thompson, R. (2007) Future Climate Predictions for Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 427-444, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Monteith, D. T. & Shilland, E. M. (2007) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Assessment of the First 18 Years of Data. Data Summary Annex Accompanying Research Project Final Report. Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-276. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Monteith, D. T., Stoddard, J. L., Evans, C. D., de Wit, H., Forsius, M., Hogasen, T., Jeffries, D. S., Kopacek, J., Skjelkvale, B. L., Vesely, J., Vuorenmaa, J. & Wilander, A. (2007) Increases in DOC in remote lakes and rivers. A signal of climate change or a return to pre-acidification conditions? In: Trends in surface water chemistry and biota; The importance of confounding factors, 39-49, NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Monteith, D. T. & Simpson, G. L. (2007) Macroinvertebrate classification diagnostic tool development. Final report to SNIFFER, Project WFD60. 1-84. SNIFFER, Edinburgh.
• Monteith, D. T., Evans, C. D. & Dalton, C. (2007) Acidification of Lochnagar and Prospects for Recovery. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 317-344, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Monteith, D. T., Stoddard, J. L., Evans, C. D., de Wit, H. A., Forsius, M., Hogasen, T., Wilander, A., Skjelkvale, B. L., Jeffries, D. S., Vuorenmaa, J., Keller, B., Kopacek, J. & Vesely, J. (2007) Dissolved organic carbon trends resulting from changes in atmospheric deposition chemistry. Nature, 450, 537-540.
• Muir, D. C. G. & Rose, N. L. (2007) Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Sediments of Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 375-402, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Rose, N. L., Metcalfe, S. E., Benedictow, A., Todd, M. & Nicholson, J. (2007) National, International and Global Sources of Contamination at Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 289-315, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Rose, N. L. (2007) An Introduction to Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 1-25, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Rose, N. L. & Battarbee, R. W. (2007) Past and Future Environmental Change at Lochnagar and the Impacts of a Changing Climate. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 445-464, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Rose, N. L. (2007) Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 1-503, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Rose, N. L. (2007) The Sediments Of Lochnagar: Distribution, Accumulation and Composition. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 155-175, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Rose, N. L. & Yang, H. D. (2007) Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particles (Scps) in Sediments, Soils and Deposition at Lochnagar. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 403-423, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Rosseland, B. O., Rognerud, S., Collen, P., Grimalt, J. O., Vives, I., Massabuau, J. C., Lackner, R., Hofar, R., Raddum, G. G., Fjellheim, A., Harriman, R. & Pina, B. (2007) Brown Trout in Lochnagar: Population and Contamination by Metals and Organic Micropollutants. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake., 253-285, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Shilland, E. M., Monteith, D. T., Hutchins, M. & Beaumont, W. R. C. (2007) The United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Data Report for 2006-2007 (year 19). Report to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Contract EPG 1/3/160). 1-203. ENSIS Ltd. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London.
• Skjelkvale, B. L. & de Wit, H. (2007) Trends in surface water chemistry and biota; The importance of confounding factors. 1-86. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Thompson, R., Kettle, H., Monteith, D. T. & Rose, N. L. (2007) Lochnagar Water-Temperatures, Climate and Weather. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 63-91, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Tipping, E., Yang, H. D., Lawlor, A. J., Rose, N. L. & Shotbolt, L. (2007) Trace Metals in the Catchment, Loch and Sediments of Lochnagar: Measurements and Modelling. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 345-373, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Tyler, J. J., Leng, M. J. & Arrowsmith, C. (2007) Seasonality and the isotope hydrology of Lochnagar, a Scottish mountain lake: implications for palaeoclimate research. Holocene, 17, 717-727.
• Winterbottom, J. H. & Orton, S. E. (2007) United Kingdom Acid Waters Monitoring Network Invertebrate Survey. Twentieth Year: 2007. Summary of species identification and abundance. 1-12. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London.
• Woodward, G. & Layer, K. (2007) Pattern And Process In The Lochnagar Food Web. In: Lochnagar - The natural history of a mountain lake, 231-252, Springer, Dordrecht.
• Wright, R., Posch, M., Cosby, B. J., Forsius, M. & Skjelkvale, B. L. (2007) Review of the Gothenburg Protocol: Chemical and biological responses in surface waters and soils. 1-40. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Yang, H. D., Linge, K. & Rose, N. L. (2007) The Pb pollution fingerprint at Lochnagar: The historical record and current status of Pb isotopes. Environmental Pollution, 145, 723-729.
• Bean, C. (2006) Freshwaters. In: The Nature of the Cairngorms: Diversity in a Changing Environment, 119-130, The Stationary Office Ltd, Edinburgh.
• Beaumont, W. R. C. (2006) Acid Waters Monitoring 2005 Report on Fish Studies. 1-30. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Dorset.
• Curtis, C. J., Evans, C. D., Heaton, T., Shilland, J., Simpson, G. L. & Turner, S. (2006) Nitrate pathways in upland ecosystems: isotopic tracing from deposition to surface waters. Presentation, BIOGEOMON 5th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA, 25-30 June 2006.
• Evans, C. D., Chapman, P., Clark, J., Monteith, D. T. & Cresser, M. (2006) Alternative explanations for rising dissolved organic carbon export from organic soils. Global Change Biology, 12, 2044-2054.
• Evans, C. D., Monteith, D. T., Chapman, P. J. & Clark, J. M. (2006) Dissolved organic carbon, sulphur and nitrogen: is everything connected to everything else? Presentation, BIOGEOMON 5th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behaviour, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA, 25-30 June 2006.
• Hovind, H. (2006) International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Intercomparison 0620: pH, Cond, HCO3, NO3+NO2, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn. 1-69. NIVA, Oslo, Norway.
• Macek, M., Callieri, C., Simek, K. & Vazquez, A. L. (2006) Seasonal dynamics, composition and feeding patterns of ciliate assemblages in oligotrophic lakes covering a wide pH range. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 166, 261-287.
• Monteith, D. T. (2006) Links between regional scale climate variability and sea-salt episodes in the UK. Skjelkvale, B. L., Forsius, M., Wright, R., de Wit, H. A., Raddum, G. G., and Sjoeng, A. M. S. 12-13. NIVA, Oslo. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes. Joint Workshop on Confounding Factors in Recovery from Acid Depositon in Surface Waters, 9-10 October 2006, Bergen, Norway; Summary and Abstracts. 9-10-2006.
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